BLEU

A set of evaluation metrics used to measure the overlap of n-grams between generated text and reference summaries.

A metric for evaluating generated text by measuring alignment with reference text using word matches, stemming, and synonym matching.

A text generation metric that measures semantic similarity using contextual embeddings from BERT instead of exact token overlap.

An evaluation method that measures model output quality by comparing generated responses against ground-truth reference data or golden datasets.

An evaluation metric that measures whether a model's prediction exactly matches the expected reference answer, without allowing partial credit.